air viscosity calculator

Air - Density and Specific Volume vs. Altitude, Air - Density vs. Pressure and Temperatures, Air - Density, Specific Weight and Thermal Expansion Coefficient vs. It is experimentally Hydraulics Pneumatics finds the density of the gas with the Ideal Gas Law. 3. momentum conservation equation, Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. Age Under 20 years old 20 years old level 30 years old level 40 years old level 50 years old level 60 years old level or over Occupation Elementary school/ Junior high-school student T = input temperature in degrees Rankine Online calculator with figures and tables showing specific heat (Cp and Cv) of dry air vs. temperature and pressure. Basically, we are converting CFM to air velocity (FPM). Our air density calculator is able to use one of these values to compute the other, or you can also use our dew point calculator. To calculate the viscosity of a liquid, you'll need a ball, the liquid itself, and a graduated cylinder. If the Results are blank, make sure Javascript is enabled in your browser settings. where = specific weight, units typically [N/m3] or [lbf/ft3]m = mass, units typically [g] or [lb]g = acceleration due to gravity, units typically [m/s2] and value on Earth usually given as 9.80665 m/s2 or 32.17405 ft/s2V = volume, units typically [cm3] or [ft3] = density, units typically [g/cm3] or [lb/ft3]Tabulated values and density units conversion are given below the figures. Temperature and Pressure, Dry Air - Thermodynamic and Physical Properties, Dry Air and Water Vapor - Density and Specific Volume vs. Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. The Reynolds number is a dimensionless value that measures the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces and descibes the degree of laminar or turbulent flow. The formation volume factor is calculated from Eq. 53.4 miles (86 km). The change in state wwhen mixing moist air - enthalpy, heat, temperature and specific humidity. There are two related measures of fluid viscosity. layer of air near the surface, called a Welding Stress Calculations The following are tutorials for running Java applets on either IDE: and Chrome. Threads & Torque Calcs When you know the viscosity, you can amongst others calculate the number . | Contact, Home Calculation of Air : if you found an error, please mail to: wischnewski@mpib-berlin.mpg.de. Eclipse, Please Input Altitude, Speed, and Length Scale. density r times the velocity V times the air C., editor. The curve between the triple point and the critical point shows the air boiling point with changes in pressure. 3 - and gases like air, hydrogen and helium are indicated in the diagram below. These data include the following: Please follow the steps below to select the data required. Pipe Pressure Drop Calculation 4. Ketchup and mayonnaise are examples of thixotropic materials. Recommended relative humidity in production and process environments - like libraries, breweries, storages and more. Engineering Book Store Units in gas viscosity calculation: The ratio Sensible Heat (or Cooling) Load to the Total Heat (or Cooling) Load. surface to overcome the resistance of the fluid. or the speed by using the menu buttons. Fluid Velocity in pipes 5. Evaporation of water from a water surface - like a swimming pool or an open tank - depends on water temperature, air temperature, air humidity and air velocity above the water surface - online calculator. We don't save this data. Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected. Room Sensible Heat Factor - RSHF - is defined as the sensible heat load divided by the total heat load in a room, Sensible heat is dry heat causing change in temperature but not in moisture content. Thermodynamics For air, another source . The input temperature is restricted to the range 0 < temperature < Thermodynamic properties of dry air - specific heat, ratio of specific heats, dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, Prandtl number, density and kinematic viscosity at temperatures ranging 175 - 1900 K. Density and specific volume of dry air and water vapor at temperatures ranging 225 to 900 degF (107 to 482 degC). = viscosity in centipoise at input temperature T Human metabolic heat gain in air conditioned rooms. boundary layer, SI and imperial units. Note that, Three types of devices are used to measure viscosity. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. Power Law is another approximation to calculate viscosity and is given by ( 1. (1) can be rearranged to express Dynamic viscosity as, = / (1b), In the SI system the dynamic viscosity units are N s/m2, Pa s or kg/(m s) - where, Dynamic viscosity may also be expressed in the metric CGS (centimeter-gram-second) system as g/(cm s), dyne s/cm2 or poise (p) where, For practical use the Poise is normally too large and the unit is therefore often divided by 100 - into the smaller unitcentipoise (cP) - where. Theviscosityof afluidis a measure of itsresistanceto gradual deformation byshear stressortensile stress. Videos Design Manufacture Kinematic viscosity in SSU versus dynamic or absolute viscosity can be expressed as, = B centiStokes (3), B = 4.632 for temperature 100 oF (37.8 oC), B = 4.664 for temperature210oF (98.9 oC). Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. but the actual value of the parameter depends The Viscosity of Air, Water, Natural Gas, Crude Oil and Its Associated Gases at Oil Field Temperatures and Pressures, No. Formulas for Viscosity A widely used formula for the calculation of viscosity of gases is the Sutherland Equation given by ( 1. Local resistance pressure loss general calculation. feet [ft] kilometers [km] meters [m] nautical miles. Specific humidity of moist air vs. relative humidity, water vapor and air density. Air-handling plant area calculation. For other gases, input temperature must be at least absolute zero (0 K). In equation form, that's: P_1V_1=P_2V_2 P 1V 1 = P 2V 2. where P 1 and V 1 are the initial volume and pressure and P 2 and V 2 are the new volume and pressure. Calculator description. the Pressure Vessel The viscosity of a thixotropic fluid decreases with increasing time - at a constant shear rate. We don't collect information from our users. Temperature and Pressure, Air - Thermal Diffusivity vs. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. The lifting force can be calculated as, = 10 [m3] *(1.205 - 0.946) [kg/m3]*9.81 [m/s2] = 25.4 [N], Fl = lifting force - change in gravity force (weight) [N]ag =acceleration of gravity (9.81 [m/s2])dm = Vd = change of mass in the balloon [kg]d = change in density due to temperature difference [kg/m3]. The + Equal Employment Opportunity Data Posted Pursuant to the No Fear Act Pressure, temperature and volume in a perfect ideal gas like moist air (air with water vapor). You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. You can use either Imperial or Metric units and you can input either the Mach number Learn how your comment data is processed. Reynolds number Re then becomes: where L is some characteristic length of the problem. drag Air viscosity at ambient temperature What is the viscosity of air ? Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. Compressor Power Calculation 2. Churchill Correlation (friction factor) 3. temperature unless you specifically want to see the effect of changing the temperature from the standard value. Calculation of moist air properties. Saybolt Universal Seconds is also called the SSU number (Seconds Saybolt Universal) or SSF number (Saybolt Seconds Furol). shape. For information on Sutherlands law, see the post on the topic.If you found this useful, and have the need for more, visit www.stfsol.com. The formula for the dynamic viscosity is given by = T A rotary viscometer is a popular instrument, used to measure dynamic viscosity. The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. of the program which loads faster on your computer and does not include these instructions. AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. Other gases forces. Posts: n/a. Kinematic viscosity can be obtained by dividing the absolute viscosity of a fluid with the fluid mass density like, = / (2), = absolute or dynamic viscosity (N s/m2), In the SI-system the theoretical unit of kinematic viscosity is m2/s - or the commonly used Stoke (St) where. Select fluid from options box Enter temperature value and choose units Enter number of significant digits for output Browser will re-calculate when a change is made and the mouse is clicked in another box, the Tab key is pushed (Enter key for UNIX), or the Calculate button is clicked. Temperature. The mass of 10 m3 air can be calculated as, m = 10 [m3] * 1.205 [kg/m3] = 12.05 [kg], Example - Lifting Force of a Hot Air Balloon, An air balloon with volume 10 m3 is heated to 100 oC. Some long chain polymers, If you find any problems with this calculator or have any questions or suggestions for improvement, please Viscosity - Absolute (Dynamic) vs. Kinematic, Absolute (Dynamic) Viscosity - Online Converter, Absolute or Dynamic Viscosity of common Liquids, Kinematic viscosity of common liquids and fluids. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. A Thixotropic fluid has a time-dependent structure. Example 1: at 5050 feet elevation, 95 deg F air temp, 29.45 inches-Hg barometric pressure and a dew point of 67 deg F, the Density Altitude is calculated as 9252 feet. a shearing force is generated in the fluid between the In the crucial undergraduate textbook by Frank White, states that it is "adequate over a wide range of temperatures". Then hit "calculate", and our air flow rate calculator will do the rest. the applet and running it on an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) such as Netbeans or Eclipse. The equation is this: = m / v (mass = mass / volume). Excel App. change value. Enthalpy (heat) of air at 0C and 1 bara: 11.57 kJ/mol = 399.4 kJ/kg = 171.7 Btu(IT)/lb, Entropy of air at 0C and 1 bara: 0.1100 kJ/mol K = 3.796 kJ/kg K = 0.9067 Btu(IT)/lb F, Thermal conductivity at 0C and 1 bara: 24.35 mW/(m K) = 0.02094 kcal(IT)/(h m K) = 0.01407 Btu(IT)/(h ft F), Thermal expansion coefficient at 0C and 1 bara: 0.00369 1/K = 0.00205 1/F, at 0C and 1 bara: 17.22 Pa s = 0.01722 cP = 0.3596x, at 0C and 1 bara: 0.00001349 m, Density, specific weight and thermal expansion coefficient at varying temperature, Diffusion coefficients of gases in excess of air, Properties at gas-liquid equilibrium condition, Specific heat (heat capacity) at varying pressure, Specific heat (heat capacity) at varying temperature, STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure & NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure, Boiling temperature (at 1 bara): 78.8 K = -194.4 C = -317.8 F, Condensation temperature (at 1 bara): 81.8 K = -191.4 C = -312.5 F, Critical density: 10.448 mol/dm, Density (at 60F and 1 atm): 1.208 kg/m, Liquid density at boiling point and 1 bar: 875.50 kg/m. Example: Air conditioner has a max. The viscosity of a fluid is highly temperature dependent - and for dynamic or kinematic viscosity to be meaningful the reference temperature must be quoted. the surface. Psychrometric table with humid air properties like saturation pressure, specific volume, enthalpy and entropy. The boundary layer is very important in determining the standard temperature at the current altitude. Classification of heat recovery efficiencies - temperature efficiency, moisture efficiency and enthalpy efficiency - online heat exchanger efficiency calculator. This page shows an interactive Java applet which calculates the viscosity coefficient The shearing stress between the layers of a non turbulent fluid moving in straight parallel lines can be defined for a Newtonian fluid as, = (1). and Accessibility Certification, + Equal Employment Opportunity Data Posted Pursuant to the No Fear Act, + Budgets, Strategic Plans and Accountability Reports. Stoke comes from the CGS (Centimetre Gram Second) unit system. Maximum cooling tower efficiency is limited by the cooling air wet-bulb temperature. It is brought to you by STF Solutions. Beam Deflections and Stress Dry and wet bulb temperatures, saturation pressure, water vapor weight, specific volume, heat and more. Table summary 2. + NASA Privacy Statement, Disclaimer, curiosityFluids is a website, blog, and resource for open source computational fluid dynamics. Friction Engineering and Informatics. Electronics Instrumentation inertial forces. Aerodynamic At the bottom of the page there are some examples of calculations using hot and cold air. We don't collect information from our users. Mechanical Tolerances Specs Relative Humidity, Moist Air - Transforming the Mollier Diagram to a Psychrometric Chart - or vice versa, Moist Air - Water Vapor and Saturation Pressure, Non-ideal gas - Van der Waal's Equation and Constants, Outdoor Temperatures and Relative Humidity - US Winter and Summer Conditions, Relative Humidity in Production and Process Environments, Water - Saturation Pressure vs. The calculator can either be used in manual mode (density, viscosity or kinematic viscosity known); or alternatively use it in . Air - Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity - Online calculator, figures and tables with dynamic (absolute) and kinematic viscosity for air at temperatures Clarify math problems. The flow of gas reacts to the edge of the boundary layer as if it was the . Calculates a variety of air thermodynamic properties from the measured temperature, pressure, and humidity. Calculation include packed tower sizing and binary . surfaces. If Step-by-step Math learning that gets you Enhance your educational performance . The pressure in a mixture of dry air and water vapor - humid or moist air - can be estimated by using Daltons Law of partial pressures. The impact of pressure is minor and the viscosity References for gas viscosity Thermal properties of air at different temperatures - density, viscosity, critical temperature and pressure, triple point, enthalpi and entropi, thermal conductivity and diffusivity and more. Note the temperature is optional and should be left as 0 Design & Manufacturability In the first module Insert: The viscosity at 100 The viscosity at 40 Press " Calculate" To find the Viscosity Index In the second module Insert: The viscosity at 40 The viscosity index Press " Calculate " To find the viscosity at 100 Enter the pressure (Pa) and Temperature (K), and the calculator should produce an estimate for the specific heat capacities, thermal conductivity, and density. Engineering Standards kv : mm/s. Temperature must be within the ranges -100 - 1600 C, -140 - 2900 F, 175 - 1900 K and 315 - 3400 R to get valid values. As an object moves through a gas, the gas molecules stick to The lifting force can be calculated as, = (10 m3) [(1.205 kg/m3) - (0.946 kg/m3)] (9.81 m/s2), Fl = lifting force - change in gravity force (weight) (N), dm = Vd = change of mass in the balloon (kg), d = change in density due to temperature difference (kg/m3). Dry air is a mixture of gases where the average molecular weight (or molar mass) can be calculated by adding the weight of each component. We don't collect information from our users. Please contact us for consulting or questions about gas viscosity. To improve this 'Viscosity conversion Calculator', please fill in questionnaire. Specific volume of moist air is defined as the total volume of humid air per mass unit of dry air. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. This could include calculations for air flow in a pipe, drag force or drag coefficient calculations for flow of an object through air, and any other calculation requiring the . 0 < temperature < 1000oF. Pumps Applications Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! Rankine: The shearing of the flow of air creates a the Reynolds number of the experiment and flight are close, then we For example, air at 323 K has a viscosity of 1.716 x 10 -5 Pa s, with a Sutherland Constant of 110 K. helium at 273K has a viscosity of 1.9 x 10 -5 Pa s, with a Sutherland Constant of 79.4 K. The spreadsheet also. The dynamic viscosity calculator provides the density and the viscosity of water at 20 c as follow: Dynamic viscosity = = 1.0016 mPa.s. What are the references for these calculation. On this page, we examine the viscosity of a gas. Machine Design Apps Density and specific weight of air at 1 atmosphere pressure, at temperatures given as C: kilogram/cubic meter [kg/m3] = gram/liter [g/l], kilogram/liter [kg/l] = gram/cubic centimeter [g/cm3]= ton(metric)/cubic meter [t/m3], once/gallon(US liquid) [oz/gal(US liq)] pound/cubic inch [lb/in3], pound/cubic foot [lb/ft3], pound/gallon(UK) [lb/gal(UK)], pound/gallon(US liquid) [lb/gal(US liq)], slug/cubic foot [sl/ft3], ton(short)/cubic yard [ton(short)/yd3], ton(long)/cubic yard [yd3], Example - Mass of Air at Temperature 100 oC, From the table above - the density of air is 0.946 kg/m3 at 100 oC. If two experiments have the same values for the similarity National Institute of Standards and g = 0.7; H 2 S = 7%; CO 2 = 10%; p = 2,010 psia; T = 75F. Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. Thermodynamic constants of air: nitrogen 78 %, und oxigen 21 %, argon 0.9 %, carbon dioxide 0.04 % Air at normconditions, tnorm= 0oC, pnorm= 1013,25 mbar: Released june 2007 Wikipedia ->Air Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. . But for most gases, like air, the shear stress Viscosity Pa*s Pa*s cP lbm/ft*s: Surface tension * N/m dyn/cm lb/ft lb/in * Surface tension values are only available along the saturation curve. correctly modeled. USA. Humidity ratio of moist air to humidity ratio of saturated moist air. Temperature deviation from 1976 standard atmosphere (off-standard atmosphere) SI Units | English/US Units. Density. parameters, then the relative importance of the forces are being a shear stress is applied. The relationship between the psycrometric chart and the Mollier diagram. The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. Atmosphere * = < P < Relative Humidity (RH)= Humidity Ratio= Dew Point Temperature= Wet Bulb Temperature= Please Login before calculating Login or Register moist air:Thermodynamic & Transport Properties Calculated Result Relative Humidity= % Humidity Ratio= G (Water Vapor) / kg (Dry Air) Dew Point Temperature= Wet Bulb Temperature= Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. Air density at pressure ranging 1 to 10 000 bara (14.5 - 145000 psi) and constant selected temperatures. (Water dynamic viscosity = 1 Pa s, Air dynamic viscosity = 0.018 Pa s and Mercury dynamic viscosity = 1.526 Pa s) Solution: Given, . Unlike the Saybolt and Redwood scales, the Engler scale is based on comparing the flow of the substance being tested to the flow of another substance - water. 65th edition. Diffusion coefficients (D12) for gases in large excess of air at temperatures ranging 0 - 400 C. A conversion from absolute to kinematic viscosity in Imperial units can be expressed as, = 6.7197 10-4 / (2a). The At the critical point there is no change of state when pressure is increased or if heat is added. These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. Temperature, Air - Properties at Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Conditions, Air - Psychrometric Chart for Standard Atmospheric Conditions - Imperial Units, Air - Specific Heat vs. Pressure at Constant Temperature, Air - Specific Heat vs. Air Type: Choose a Calculation Air pressure Air temperature Calculate Reset The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature can be used to measure the general Heat-Stress index. Fluids Flow Engineering According to its dynamic viscosity, to which one of these fluids corresponds? Absolute humidity is the actual mass of water vapor present in the air water vapor mixture. Cooling and dehumidifying processes of moist and humid air - sensible and latent cooling. This creates a layer of air near the surface, called a boundary layer, which, in effect, changes the shape of the object. Transport Properties ( * registration required) Kinematic viscosity. testing and very sophisticated computer analysis. contact us. aerodynamicists rely on Some dilatant fluids can become almost solid in a pump or pipe line. backspace over the input value, type in your new value, and Ductwork specific pressure loss calculation. Flow of fluids through valves, fittings, and pipe. Reynolds Number. So first, you'll need to weigh the ball to get the mass in kilograms. magnitude of the shearing force by the Greek letter tau. *Surface tension values are Vibration Engineering subtracted to model a hot or cold day. Example 2: at 1540 meters elevation, 35 deg C air temp, 997 hPa barometric pressure . but the value depends on the ; Solution. Psychrometric chart in I-P Units at 7500 feet and barometric pressure 22.653 inHG. Atm.) Rankine, lb-s/ft2=pound-second per square foot, slug/ft-s=slug per foot per tau = (mu) * (dV/dy) The value of the dynamic viscosity coefficient is found to be a constant with pressure but the value depends on the temperature of the gas. Kinematic Viscosity Unit Conversion Calculator. The impact of pressure is minor, and the viscosity correction for pressure is less than body and create an effective shape much different from the physical HVAC Systems Calcs these effects, aerodynamicists use The sea level standard value of air viscosity mu is mu = 1.73 x 10^-5 Newton-second/square meters = 3.62 x 10^-7 pound-second/square feet The density (specific volume), pressure, and temperature of a gas are related to each other through the equation of state. The dynamic viscosity coefficient divided by the density is called the The method of finding the air density is quite simple. Individual gas constants for the most common gases. Air viscosity in between -100 and 500c How the air viscosity change with temperature ? Distillation. These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. Enthalpy change and temperature rise when heating humid air without adding moisture. A Bingham Plastic Fluid has a yield value which must be exceeded before it will start to flow like a fluid. At 15 C, the viscosity of air is 1.81 * 10-5 kg/(ms) , 18.1 Pas or 1.81 Weast, Robert This friction is the effect of (linear) momentum exchange caused by molecules with sufficient energy to move . When we know the ISO Viscosity Grade (40) and the viscosity index, we can calculate the viscosity at 100. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. Find the density, formation volume factor (FVF), viscosity, and isothermal compressibility of a gas with the following properties and conditions: . Calculating properties of natural gas. Outdoor Relative Humidity and Temperature, Moist Air - Daltons Law of Partial Pressure, Moist Air - Density vs. Water Content and Temperature, Moist Air - Psychrometric Chart for High Temperatures at Sea Level, Moist Air - Psychrometric Chart for Low Temperatures at Sea Level, Moist Air - Psychrometric Chart for Normal Temperatures at 5000 Feet Altitude, Moist Air - Psychrometric Chart for Normal Temperatures at 7500 Feet Altitude, Moist Air - Psychrometric Online Calculator. The viscous forces Select the temperature and click the calculate button To start over, click the "Clear" button If we are considering an aircraft, we can think of the drag coefficient as being composed of two main components; a basic drag coefficient which includes the effects of skin friction and shape . 28. s and the kinematic viscosity 15.7cSt. Civil Engineering This water viscosity calculator will help you determine the viscosity of water at room temperature or any temperature, even those above 300\ \mathrm {\degree C} 300 C! . Dry air is a mechanical mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, argon and several other gases in minor amounts. Variables able to calculated: rho - [kg m^-3] - Density mu - [N s m^-2] - Dynamic viscosity k - [W m^-1 K^-1] - Thermal conductivity c_p - [J kg^-1 K^-1] - Specific heat capacity (constant pressure) of these effects to other forces present in the The moisture holding capacity of air increases with temperature. Absolute viscosity - coefficient of absolute viscosity - is a measure of internal resistance. For hydrocarbon vapors and natural gases, input temperature T is restricted to the Calculate moist air properties in SI and Imperial units with this online calculator. and on the Re: help! The calculator is temperature and viscosity for the gases used in the LMNO Engineering calculation. analysis of the The calculator is based on methods documented in the official U.S. Standard Atmosphere 1976. Electric Motor Alternators problem. timeVaryingFixedUniformValue: Time-Varying Cylinder Motion in Cross-flow: Tips for tackling the OpenFOAM learning curve, Compressible Aerodynamics Calculator Matlab App, Automatic Airfoil C-Grid Generation for OpenFOAM Rev 1, Compressible Laminar Boundary Layer Numerical Solution, Solving for your own Sutherland Coefficients using Python, Creating curves in blockMesh (An Example), Creating synthetic Schlieren and Shadowgraph images in Paraview. 3. Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. The dynamic viscosity equals the product of the sum of Sutherland's constant and the reference temperature divided by the sum of Sutherland's constant and the temperature, the reference viscosity and the ratio to the 3/2 power of the temperature to reference temperature. Just click on the menu button and click observed that, for most gases, the shear stress is directly proportional to the given at sea level stanfard conditions. Here is a little calculator for calculating the properties of air. Add standard and customized parametric components - like flange beams, lumbers, piping, stairs and more - to your Sketchup model with the Engineering ToolBox - SketchUp Extension - enabled for use with the amazing, fun and free SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro .Add the Engineering ToolBox extension to your SketchUp from the SketchUp Pro Sketchup Extension Warehouse! Units of Viscosity Using SI units, since shear stress was in N/m 2 and shear rate was in (m/s)/m = 1/s, then dynamic viscosity has units of Ns/m 2 = Pa s (pascal-second). Two input options are modeled, you can either provide: altitude and ambient temperature. Example : Suppose you're designing a scuba tank where the air pressure is 3000 psi (pounds per square inch) and the volume (or the "capacity") of the tank is 70 cubic feet. AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media.